Arrays.sort和Collections.sort实现原理解析
1、使用
- 排序
2、原理
事实上Collections.sort方法底层就是调用的array.sort方法,而且不论是Collections.sort或者是Arrays.sort方法,
跟踪下源代码吧,首先我们写个demo
12345678910public static void main(String[] args) {List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("6", "1", "3", "1","2");Collections.sort(strings);//sort方法在这里for (String string : strings) {System.out.println(string);}}简单得不能再简单的方法了,让我们一步步跟踪
OK,往下面看,发现collections.sort方法调用的list.sort
然后跟踪一下,list里面有个sort方法,但是list是一个接口,肯定是调用子类里面的实现,这里我们demo使用的是一个Arrays.asList方法,所以事实上我们的子类就是arraylist了。OK,看arraylist里面sort实现,选择第一个,为什么不选择第二个呢?(求解,我真不知道)
OK,发现里面调用的Arrays.sort(a, c); a是list,c是一个比较器,我们来看一下这个方法
我们没有写比较器,所以用的第二项,LegacyMergeSort.userRequested这个bool值是什么呢?
跟踪这个值,我们发现有这样的一段定义:
Old merge sort implementation can be selected (for
compatibility with broken comparators) using a system property.
Cannot be a static boolean in the enclosing class due to
circular dependencies. To be removed in a future release.反正是一种老的归并排序,不用管了现在默认是关的
OK,我们走的是sort(a)这个方法,接着进入这个
接着看我们重要的sort方法
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243static void sort(Object[] a, int lo, int hi, Object[] work, int workBase, int workLen) {assert a != null && lo >= 0 && lo <= hi && hi <= a.length;int nRemaining = hi - lo;if (nRemaining < 2)return; // array的大小为0或者1就不用排了// 当数组大小小于MIN_MERGE(32)的时候,就用一个"mini-TimSort"的方法排序,jdk1.7新加if (nRemaining < MIN_MERGE) {//这个方法比较有意思,其实就是将我们最长的递减序列,找出来,然后倒过来int initRunLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi);//长度小于32的时候,是使用binarySort的binarySort(a, lo, hi, lo + initRunLen);return;}//先扫描一次array,找到已经排好的序列,然后再用刚才的mini-TimSort,然后合并,这就是TimSort的核心思想ComparableTimSort ts = new ComparableTimSort(a, work, workBase, workLen);int minRun = minRunLength(nRemaining);do {// Identify next runint runLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi);// If run is short, extend to min(minRun, nRemaining)if (runLen < minRun) {int force = nRemaining <= minRun ? nRemaining : minRun;binarySort(a, lo, lo + force, lo + runLen);runLen = force;}// Push run onto pending-run stack, and maybe mergets.pushRun(lo, runLen);ts.mergeCollapse();// Advance to find next runlo += runLen;nRemaining -= runLen;} while (nRemaining != 0);// Merge all remaining runs to complete sortassert lo == hi;ts.mergeForceCollapse();assert ts.stackSize == 1;}回到5,我们可以看到当我们写了比较器的时候就调用了
TimSort.sort方法
,源码如下1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647static <T> void sort(T[] a, int lo, int hi, Comparator<? super T> c,T[] work, int workBase, int workLen) {assert c != null && a != null && lo >= 0 && lo <= hi && hi <= a.length;int nRemaining = hi - lo;if (nRemaining < 2)return; // Arrays of size 0 and 1 are always sorted// If array is small, do a "mini-TimSort" with no mergesif (nRemaining < MIN_MERGE) {int initRunLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi, c);binarySort(a, lo, hi, lo + initRunLen, c);return;}/*** March over the array once, left to right, finding natural runs,* extending short natural runs to minRun elements, and merging runs* to maintain stack invariant.*/TimSort<T> ts = new TimSort<>(a, c, work, workBase, workLen);int minRun = minRunLength(nRemaining);do {// Identify next runint runLen = countRunAndMakeAscending(a, lo, hi, c);// If run is short, extend to min(minRun, nRemaining)if (runLen < minRun) {int force = nRemaining <= minRun ? nRemaining : minRun;binarySort(a, lo, lo + force, lo + runLen, c);runLen = force;}// Push run onto pending-run stack, and maybe mergets.pushRun(lo, runLen);ts.mergeCollapse();// Advance to find next runlo += runLen;nRemaining -= runLen;} while (nRemaining != 0);// Merge all remaining runs to complete sortassert lo == hi;ts.mergeForceCollapse();assert ts.stackSize == 1;}和上面的sort方法是一样的,其实也就是TimSort的源代码
3、总结
不论是Collections.sort方法或者是Arrays.sort方法,底层实现都是TimSort实现的,这是jdk1.7新增的,以前是归并排序。TimSort算法就是找到已经排好序数据的子序列,然后对剩余部分排序,然后合并起来